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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--Arbortext, Inc., 1988-2005, v.4002-->
-<!DOCTYPE concept PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN"
- "concept.dtd">
-<concept id="cws" xml:lang="en-us">
-<title>Web services overview</title>
-<shortdesc>A Web service is a set of related application functions that can
-be programmatically invoked over the Internet. Businesses can dynamically
-mix and match Web services to perform complex transactions with minimal programming.
-Web services allow buyers and sellers all over the world to discover each
-other, connect dynamically, and execute transactions in real time with minimal
-human interaction.</shortdesc>
-<prolog><metadata>
-<keywords><indexterm>Web services<indexterm>overview</indexterm></indexterm>
-</keywords>
-</metadata></prolog>
-<conbody>
-<p>Web services are self-contained, self-describing modular applications that
-can be published, located, and invoked across the Web.</p>
-<lq> <p> <uicontrol>Web services are self-contained.</uicontrol> On the client
-side, no additional software is required.&nbsp; A programming language with
-XML and HTTP client support is enough to get you started.&nbsp; On the server
-side, a Web server and servlet engine are required.&nbsp; The client and server
-can be implemented in different environments.&nbsp; It is possible to Web
-service enable an existing application without writing a single line of code.</p> <p> <uicontrol>Web
-services are self-describing.</uicontrol> The client and server need to recognize
-only the format and content of request and response messages.&nbsp; The definition
-of the message format travels with the message; no external metadata repositories
-or code generation tools are required.</p> <p> <uicontrol>Web services are
-modular.</uicontrol> Simple Web services can be aggregated to form more complex
-Web services either by using workflow techniques or by calling lower layer
-Web services from a Web service implementation.</p><p><uicontrol>Web Services
-are platform independent.</uicontrol> Web services are based on a concise
-set of open, XML-based standards designed to promote interoperability between
-a Web service and clients across a variety of computing platforms and programming
-languages.</p> </lq>
-<p>Web services might be anything, for example, theatre review articles, weather
-reports, credit checks, stock quotations, travel advisories, or airline travel
-reservation processes. Each of these self-contained business services is an
-application that can easily integrate with other services, from the same or
-different companies, to create a complete business process. This interoperability
-allows businesses to dynamically publish, discover, and bind a range of Web
-services through the Internet.</p>
-<section><title>Categories of Web services</title><p>Web services can be grouped
-into three categories:</p><lq> <p> <uicontrol>Business information.</uicontrol> A
-business shares information with consumers or other businesses. In this case,
-the business is using Web services to expand its scope. Examples of business
-informational Web services are news streams, weather reports, or stock quotations.</p> <p> <uicontrol>Business
-integration.</uicontrol> A business provides transactional, "for fee" services
-to its customers. In this case, the business becomes part of a global network
-of value-added suppliers that can be used to conduct commerce. Examples of
-business integration Web services include bid and auction e-marketplaces,
-reservation systems, and credit checking.</p> <p> <uicontrol>Business process
-externalization.</uicontrol> A business differentiates itself from its competition
-through the creation of a global value chain. In this case, the business uses
-Web services to dynamically integrate its processes. An example of business
-process externalization Web services is the associations between different
-companies to combine manufacturing, assembly, wholesale distribution, and
-retail sales of a particular product.</p> </lq></section>
-<section><title>Service roles and interactions</title><p>A network component
-in a Web Services architecture can play one or more fundamental roles: service
-provider, service broker, and service client.</p><ul>
-<li>Service providers create and deploy their Web services and can publish
-the availability of their WSDL-described services through a service registry,
-such as a UDDI Business Registry.</li>
-<li>Service brokers register and categorize published services and provide
-search services. For example, UDDI acts as a service broker for WSDL-described
-Web services.</li>
-<li>Service clients use broker services such as the UDDI Business Registry
-to discover a needed WSDL-described service and then bind to and call the
-service provider.</li>
-</ul><p>Binding involves establishing all environmental prerequisites that
-are necessary to successfully complete the services. Examples of environmental
-prerequisites include security, transaction monitoring, and HTTP availability.
-The relationships between these roles are described in Figure 1.</p><p>Figure
-1. Service roles and interactions.</p><p> <image alt="Figure 1 illustrates the interactions between the service broker, service provider, and service requestor."
-href="../images/roles.gif"></image> </p><p>For more information on Web services,
-refer to <xref format="html" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices"
-scope="external">www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices</xref></p></section>
-</conbody>
-<related-links>
-<linklist><title>Related Concepts</title>
-<link href="cwsinwsa.dita"><linktext>Tools for Web services development</linktext>
-</link>
-<link href="cwsstandards.dita" scope="local"><linktext>Web services standards</linktext>
-</link>
-</linklist>
-<linklist><title>Related Tasks</title>
-<link href="../tasks/toverws.dita" scope="local"><linktext> Developing Web
-services</linktext></link>
-</linklist>
-</related-links>
-</concept>

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