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<title>Deployment Processing of WebAppContexts</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content="jetty, servlet, servlet-api, cometd, http, spdy, websocket, eclipse, maven, java, server, software"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Jetty : The Definitive Reference"><link rel="up" href="configuring-deployment.html" title="Chapter 4. Deploying to Jetty"><link rel="prev" href="configuring-specific-webapp-deployment.html" title="Configuring a Specific Web Application Deployment"><link rel="next" href="static-content-deployment.html" title="Configuring Static Content Deployment"><link xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shCore.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushJava.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushXml.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushBash.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushJScript.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushSql.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushProperties.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushPlain.js"></script><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/shCore.css"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/shThemeEclipse.css"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/font-awesome.min.css"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><table xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><tr><td style="width: 25%"><a href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty"><img src="images/jetty-header-logo.png" alt="Jetty Logo"></a><br><span style="font-size: small">
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</script><gcse:search></gcse:search></td></tr></table><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Deployment Processing of WebAppContexts</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="configuring-specific-webapp-deployment.html"><i class="icon-chevron-left"></i> Previous</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 4. Deploying to Jetty<br><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><i class="icon-home"></i> Home</a></th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="static-content-deployment.html">Next <i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="jetty-callout"><h5 class="callout"><a href="http://www.webtide.com/">Contact the core Jetty developers at
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</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="configuring-webapps"></a>Deployment Processing of WebAppContexts</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-webapps.html#webapp-configurations">Configuration Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-webapps.html#webapp-context-attributes">Other Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Web applications require a certain amount of processing before they
can go into service: they may need to be unpacked, a special classloader
created for their jars, web.xml and web-fragment.xml descriptors processed,
and classes scanned for annotations amongst many other things. As web
applications have become more complex, we have added ways to help you
customize by either broadening or lessening the amount of processing that is
done at deployment time. In this section we will look at this processing,
and how you can tailor it.</p><p>If instead you're looking for information on how to configure a
specific WebAppContext - such as its context path, whether it should be
unpacked or not - then you can find that in the section entitled <a class="link" href="configuring-specific-webapp-deployment.html" title="Configuring a Specific Web Application Deployment">Configuring a Specific
WebApp Deployment</a>.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="webapp-configurations"></a>Configuration Classes</h3></div></div></div><p>As a webapp is being deployed, a series of <a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/Configuration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration</a>
classes are applied to it, each one performing a specific function. The
ordering of these Configurations is significant as subsequent
Configurations tend to build on information extracted or setup in
foregoing Configurations. These are the default list, in order, of
Configurations that are applied to each <a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/WebAppContext.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContex</a>t:</p><div class="table"><a name="d0e2349"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 4.1. Default Configuration classes</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Default Configuration classes" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/WebInfConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebInfConfiguration</a></td><td>Extracts war, orders jars and defines classpath</td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/WebXmlConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebXmlConfiguration</a></td><td>Processes a WEB-INF/web.xml file</td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/MetaInfConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.MetaInfConfiguration</a></td><td>Looks in container and webapp jars for META-INF/resources
and META-INF/web-fragment.xml</td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/FragmentConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration</a></td><td>Processes all discovered META-INF/web-fragment.xml
files</td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/JettyWebXmlConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration</a></td><td>Processes a WEB-INF/jetty-web.xml file</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><p></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e2385"></a>Anatomy of a Configuration Class</h4></div></div></div><p>A Configuration class is called 5 times in different phases of the
WebAppContext's lifecycle:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">preConfigure</span></dt><dd><p>As the WebAppContext is starting up this phase is executed.
The Configuration should discover any of the resources it will
need during the subsequent phases.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">configure</span></dt><dd><p>This phase is where the work of the class is done, usually
using the resources discovered during the preConfigure
phase.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">postConfigure</span></dt><dd><p>This phase allows the Configuration to clear down any
resources that may have been created during the previous 2 phases
that are not needed for the lifetime of the WebAppContext.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">deconfigure</span></dt><dd><p>This phase occurs whenever a WebAppContext is being stopped
and allows the Configuration to undo any resources/metadata that
it created. A WebAppContext should be able to be cleanly
start/stopped multiple times without resources being held.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">destroy</span></dt><dd><p>This phase is called when a WebAppContext is actually
removed from service. For example, the war file associated with it
is deleted from the $JETTY_HOME/webapps directory.</p></dd></dl></div><p>Each phase is called on each Configuration class in the order in
which the Configuration class is listed. So for example, using our
default Configuration classes as an example, preConfigure() will be
called on WebInfConfiguration, WebXmlConfiguration,
MetaInfConfiguration, FragmentConfiguration and then
JettyWebXmlConfiguration. The cycle begins again for the configure()
phase and again for the postConfigure() phases. The cycle is repeated
<span class="emphasis"><em>in reverse order</em></span> for the deconfigure() and
eventually the destroy() phases.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e2426"></a>Extending Container Support by Creating Extra
Configurations</h4></div></div></div><p>As we have seen, there is a default set of Configurations that
support basic deployment of a webapp. You will notice that we have not
mentioned JavaEE features such as JNDI, nor advanced servlet spec
features such as annotations. That is because Jetty's philosophy is to
allow the user to tailor the container exactly to his needs. If you do
not need these kind of features, then you do not pay the price of them -
an important consideration because features such as annotations require
extensive and time-consuming scanning of WEB-INF/lib jars. As modern
webapps may have scores of these jars, it can be a source of significant
deployment delay. We will see in the section <a class="link" href="configuring-webapps.html#webapp-context-attributes" title="Other Configuration">Other Configuration</a> another
helpful webapp facility that Jetty provides for cutting down the time
spent analysing jars.</p><p>Jetty makes use of the flexibility of Configurations to make JNDI
and annotation support pluggable.</p><p>Firstly, lets look at how Configurations help enable JNDI.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="jndi-configuration-classes"></a>Example: JNDI Configurations</h5></div></div></div><p>JNDI lookups within web applications require the container to
hookup resources defined in the container's environment to that of the
web application. To acheive that, we use 2 extra
Configurations:</p><div class="table"><a name="d0e2443"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 4.2. JNDI Configuration classes</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="JNDI Configuration classes" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/plus/webapp/EnvConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration</a></td><td>Creates java:comp/env for the webapp, applies a
WEB-INF/jetty-env.xml file</td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/plus/webapp/PlusConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration</a></td><td>Processes JNDI related aspects of WEB-INF/web.xml and
hooks up naming entries</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><p>These configurations must be added in
<span class="emphasis"><em>exactly</em></span> the order shown above and should be
inserted <span class="emphasis"><em>immediately before</em></span> the <a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/JettyWebXmlConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration</a>
class in the list of configurations. To fully support JNDI, you need
to do a couple of other things, full details of which you can find
<a class="link" href="jndi.html" title="Chapter 11. Configuring JNDI">here</a>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d0e2474"></a>Example: Annotation Configurations</h5></div></div></div><p>We need just one extra Configuration class to help provide
servlet annotation scanning:</p><div class="table"><a name="d0e2479"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 4.3. Annotation Configuration classes</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Annotation Configuration classes" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/annotations.AnnotationConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration</a></td><td>Scan container and web app jars looking for
@WebServlet, @WebFilter, @WebListener etc</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><p>The above configuration class must be <span class="emphasis"><em>inserted
immediately before</em></span> the <a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/JettWebXmlConfiguration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration</a>
class in the list of configurations. To fully support annotations, you
need to do a couple of other things, details of which can be found
here.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e2498"></a>How to Set the List of Configurations</h4></div></div></div><p>You have a number of options for how to make Jetty use a different
list of Configurations.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d0e2503"></a>Setting the list directly on the WebAppContext</h5></div></div></div><p>If you have only one webapp that you wish to affect, this may be
the easiest option. You will, however, either need to have a context
xml file that represents your web app, or you need to call the
equivalent in code. Let's see an example of how we would add in the
Configurations for both JNDI <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span>
annotations:</p><script type="syntaxhighlighter" class="brush: xml;toolbar: false">
<![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/configure_9_0.dtd">
<Configure class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext">
<Set name="war"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/>/webapps/my-cool-webapp</Set>
<Set name="configurationClasses">
<Array type="java.lang.String">
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebInfConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebXmlConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.MetaInfConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration</Item>
</Array>
</Set>
</Configure>]]>
</script><p>Of course, you can also use this method to reduce the
Configurations applied to a specific WebAppContext.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d0e2515"></a>Setting the list for all webapps via the Deployer</h5></div></div></div><p>If you use the <a class="link" href="deployment-architecture.html" title="Deployment Architecture">deployer</a>, you can set up the
list of Configuration classes on the <a class="link" href="deployment-architecture.html#default-web-app-provider" title="Understanding the Default WebAppProvider">WebAppProvider</a>. They will
then be applied to each WebAppContext deployed by the deployer:</p><script type="syntaxhighlighter" class="brush: xml;toolbar: false">
<![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/configure_9_0.dtd">
<Configure id="Server" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server">
<Call name="addBean">
<Arg>
<New id="DeploymentManager" class="org.eclipse.jetty.deploy.DeploymentManager">
<Set name="contexts">
<Ref refid="Contexts" />
</Set>
<Call id="webappprovider" name="addAppProvider">
<Arg>
<New class="org.eclipse.jetty.deploy.providers.WebAppProvider">
<Set name="monitoredDirName"><Property name="jetty.home" default="." />/webapps</Set>
<Set name="configurationClasses">
<Array type="java.lang.String">
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebInfConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebXmlConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.MetaInfConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration</Item>
</Array>
</Set>
</New>
</Arg>
</Call>
</New>
</Arg>
</Call>
</Configure> ]]>
</script></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d0e2528"></a>Adding or inserting to an existing list</h5></div></div></div><p>Instead of having to enumerate the list in its entirety, you can
simply nominate classes that you want to add, and indicate whereabouts
in the list you want them inserted. Let's look at an example of using
this method to add in Configuration support for JNDI - as usual you
can either do this in an xml file, or via equivalent code. This
example uses an xml file, in fact it is the
$JETTY_HOME/etc/jetty-plus.xml file from the Jetty
distribution:</p><script type="syntaxhighlighter" class="brush: xml;toolbar: false">
<![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/configure_9_0.dtd">
<Configure id="Server" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server">
<!-- =========================================================== -->
<!-- Add plus Configuring classes to all webapps for this Server -->
<!-- =========================================================== -->
<Call class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration$ClassList" name="setServerDefault">
<Arg><Ref refid="Server" /></Arg>
<Call name="addAfter">
<Arg name="afterClass">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration</Arg>
<Arg>
<Array type="String">
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration</Item>
<Item>org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration</Item>
</Array>
</Arg>
</Call>
</Call>
</Configure>
]]>
</script><p>The <a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/Configuration.html" target="_top">org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList</a>
class provides these methods for insertion:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">addAfter</span></dt><dd><p>inserts the supplied list of Configuration class names
after the given Configuration class name</p></dd><dt><span class="term">addBefore</span></dt><dd><p>inserts the supplied list of Configuration class names
before the given Configuration class name</p></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="webapp-context-attributes"></a>Other Configuration</h3></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="container-include-jar-pattern"></a>org.eclipse.jetty.server.webapp.ContainerIncludeJarPattern</h4></div></div></div><p>This is a <a class="link" href="quickstart-config-what.html#context_attributes">context
attribute</a> that can be set on<a class="link" href="http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/WebAppContext.html" target="_top"> an
org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext</a> to control which parts of
the <span class="emphasis"><em>container's</em></span> classpath should be processed for
things like annotations, META-INF/resources, META-INF/web-fragment.xml
etc.</p><p>Normally, nothing from the container classpath will be included
for processing. However, sometimes you will need to include some. For
example, you may have some libraries that are shared amongst your
webapps and thus you have put them into a $JETTY_HOME/lib directory. The
libraries contain annotations and therefore must be scanned.</p><p>The value of this attribute is a regexp that defines
which<span class="emphasis"><em> jars</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>class
directories</em></span> from the container's classpath should be
examined.</p><p>Here's an example from a context xml file (although as always, you
could have accomplished the same in code), which would match any jar
whose name starts with "foo-" or "bar-", or a directory named
"classes":</p><script type="syntaxhighlighter" class="brush: xml;toolbar: false">
<![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/configure_9_0.dtd">
<Configure class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext">
<Call name="setContextAttribute">
<Arg>org.eclipse.jetty.server.webapp.ContainerIncludeJarPattern</Arg>
<Arg>.*/foo-[^/]*\.jar$|.*/bar-[^/]*\.jar$|.*/classes/.*</Arg>
</Call>
</Configure>]]>
</script><p>Note that the order of the patterns defines the ordering of the
scanning of the jars or class directories.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="web-inf-include-jar-pattern"></a>org.eclipse.jetty.server.webapp.WebInfIncludeJarPattern</h4></div></div></div><p>Similarly to the previous <a class="link" href="quickstart-config-what.html#context_attributes">context attribute</a>, this attribute
controls which jars are processed for things like annotations and
META-INF resources. However, this attribute controls which jars from the
<span class="emphasis"><em>webapp's</em></span> classpath (usually WEB-INF/lib) are
processed. This can be particularly useful when you have dozens of jars
in WEB-INF/lib, but you know that only a few need to be scanned.</p><p>Here's an example (in an xml file, but you can do the same in
code) of a pattern that matches any jar that starts with
"spring-":</p><script type="syntaxhighlighter" class="brush: xml;toolbar: false">
<![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/configure_9_0.dtd">
<Configure class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext">
<Call name="setContextAttribute">
<Arg>org.eclipse.jetty.server.webapp.WebInfIncludeJarPattern</Arg>
<Arg>.*/spring-[^/]*\.jar$</Arg>
</Call>
</Configure>]]>
</script><p>Note that the order of the patterns defines the ordering of the
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